Asking Questions in Spanish
Adapted from The Animated Book of Spanish, an interactive Spanish grammar book.
- ¿qué?what?
- ¿quién?who?
- ¿cuál?which? what?
- ¿dónde?where?
- ¿cuándo?when?
- ¿cómo?how?
- ¿cuánto?how much? how many?
- ¿por qué?why?
On this page
Yes/no questions
The easiest way to ask a yes/no question is to take a statement and raise your voice at the end. The words don't change at all. In writing, the opening ¿ shows it's a question from the start.
- StatementTienes hambre.
You’re hungry.
Question¿Tienes hambre?Are you hungry?
- StatementHablan inglés.
They speak English.
Question¿Hablan inglés?Do they speak English?
- StatementEstá abierto.
It’s open.
Question¿Está abierto?Is it open?
You can also move the subject (highlighted) after the verb. It sounds a bit more clearly like a question, and it's common with usted and with names:
- StatementUsted habla inglés.
You speak English.
Question¿Habla usted inglés?Do you speak English?
- StatementTu hermano vive aquí.
Your brother lives here.
Question¿Vive aquí tu hermano?Does your brother live here?
Questions with a question word
Start with the question word, then the verb. If there's a subject, it usually goes after the verb.
¿Qué quieres comer?
What do you want to eat?
¿Quién es ese chico?
Who’s that guy?
¿Cuándo llegan tus padres?
When do your parents arrive?
¿Cómo se dice “apple” en español?
How do you say “apple” in Spanish?
Plurals: quiénes and cuáles
Quién and cuál have plural forms. When you expect more than one person or thing in the answer, use quiénes and cuáles, and the verb goes plural too. English doesn't make this distinction, so it's easy to forget.
¿Quiénes vienen a la fiesta?
Who’s coming to the party?
¿Quiénes son tus profesores?
Who are your teachers?
¿Cuáles son tus películas favoritas?
What are your favorite movies?
¿Cuáles prefieres?
Which ones do you prefer?
Qué or cuál?
Both can translate as what. In short, qué asks for a definition or an open answer, and cuál asks you to pick a specific one. For the full rules, see qué vs. cuál.
- Qué: a definition¿Qué es esto?
What is this?
Cuál: a specific answer¿Cuál es tu número?What’s your number?
- Qué: a definition¿Qué quieres?
What do you want?
Cuál: a specific answer¿Cuál quieres?Which one do you want?
Por qué and porque
Por qué (two words, with an accent) asks why. Porque (one word, no accent) answers with because. For all four forms, see por qué vs. porque.
¿Por qué no vienes? —Porque estoy cansada.
Why aren’t you coming? —Because I’m tired.
Prepositions go first
English often leaves a preposition at the end: Who are you going with? Spanish never does. The preposition always goes right before the question word. (More on these words in prepositions.)
¿De dónde eres?
Where are you from?
¿Con quién vas al cine?
Who are you going to the movies with?
¿A qué hora empieza?
What time does it start?
¿Para quién es el regalo?
Who’s the present for?
Cuánto, cuánta, cuántos, cuántas
Before a noun, cuánto matches it in gender and number. On its own, as in ¿Cuánto cuesta?, it stays cuánto.
- cuánto tiempohow much time
- cuántos añoshow many years
- cuánta lechehow much milk
- cuántas personashow many people
¿Cuántos años tienes?
How old are you?
¿Cuántas personas vienen?
How many people are coming?
¿Cuánto cuesta esto?
How much does this cost?
Indirect questions
A question can also sit inside a longer sentence: I don't know where she lives. The question word keeps its accent. For a yes/no question, use si (whether).
No sé dónde vive.
I don’t know where she lives.
Pregúntale cuándo llega.
Ask him when he’s arriving.
No sé si viene.
I don’t know if he’s coming.
Common mistakes English speakers make
Using qué for information with ser
Incorrect:¿Qué es tu nombre?Correct:¿Cuál es tu nombre?To ask for a specific piece of information with ser, use cuál. (Or just ask ¿Cómo te llamas?)
Ending with a preposition
Incorrect:¿Quién vas con?Correct:¿Con quién vas?The preposition always goes before the question word.
Writing porque for why
Incorrect:¿Porque no vienes?Correct:¿Por qué no vienes?Why is two words with an accent. Porque means because.
Not matching cuánto
Incorrect:¿Cuánto personas vienen?Correct:¿Cuántas personas vienen?Before a noun, cuánto matches it: cuántas personas.
Leaving off the accent
Incorrect:¿Donde vives?Correct:¿Dónde vives?Question words always need their accent.
Questions about questions
How do you ask a question in Spanish?
For a yes/no question, you can just raise your voice at the end of a statement: ¿Tienes hambre? You can also put the subject after the verb: ¿Habla usted inglés? For other questions, start with a question word: ¿Dónde vives? Spanish never needs a helper like English "do."
What are the question words in Spanish?
Qué (what), quién (who), cuál (which), dónde (where), cuándo (when), cómo (how), cuánto (how much, how many), and por qué (why). They always have a written accent.
What does ¿no? mean at the end of a sentence?
It's a tag question, like English "right?" or "isn't it?": Hablas inglés, ¿no? ("You speak English, right?"). ¿Verdad? works the same way, and in Spain, ¿vale? is common.
Keep learning
Related
- Qué vs. cuálTwo ways to say "what": before a noun, with ser, with other verbs, and in exclamations.
- Por qué vs. porquePor qué (why), porque (because), porqué (the reason), and por que (for which).
- Punctuation¿ and ¡, dialogue dashes, «quotes», commas in lists, and decimal commas.
- Relative pronounsQue, quien, el que, lo que, cuyo, and donde, and the difference between que and lo que.
